Effect of a lifestyle education intervention in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of death and disability in the world, according to the 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey its prevalence has increased to 18.3% compared to previous years, one of the most important causes being unhealthy lifestyles, related to multiple complications that affect the quality of life of the patient. An educational intervention helps reduce the incidence of complications through health promotion and education activities. Objective: To evaluate a lifestyle education intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Prospective study, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, homogeneous, unicentric, with a probabilistic sample of 353 patients. A pre- and post-educational intervention survey was applied, previously taking into account inclusion, exclusion and elimination criteria. Lifestyle information was collected with the instrument constructed and validated by López Carmona (Cronbach's alpha 0.81). Statistical analysis using nonparametric analytical statistics was performed with Wilcoxon's test. Results: Beneficiaries between 20 and 60 years old were included, the good perception after evaluation was 46.5 % while post-intervention increased 104.4%. (P = 0.000). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that an educational intervention does improve lifestyle in diabetic patients.

KEY WORDS: Diabetes Mellitus 2. Educational intervention. Lifestyle.