Characteristics of patients with silicosis in two municipalities of Valdeorras (Ourense-Spain). Evaluation of satisfaction in the pathological process and current respiratory status

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Silicosis is an occupational disease with a high prevalence. It requires exposure isolation to silica dust, with surveillance by the Occupational Prevention Services. The main objective was to determine the characteristics of patients with silicosis in rural areas and to assess their satisfaction with the diagnosis, follow-up, and respiratory status.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on all patients with occupational silicosis, from two primary care centers in Ourense (Spain), through a questionnaire and collection of clinical, occupational and demographic data.

Results: Among 2350 health cards, 39 patients (2 women) participated (prevalence 1.91%). With an age of 59±9.8 years, the mean exposure time was 16.9±8.1 years. 5.1% habitually used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), more young people (=-0.269; p=0.041). 66.7% had the feeling of little labour protection, greater when the diagnosis had been made by the National Institute of Silicosis (INS) and the National Health System (H= 10.817; p=0.013). The INS made 69.2% of the diagnoses. There was no correlation between affectation and degree granted. 5 patients (12.8%) had a grade I when an II corresponded. A lower follow-up of the Mutual generated more helplessness (=-0.405; p=0.003). A multivariate analysis indicated greater respiratory satisfaction with greater use of PPE and longer time as ex-smokers (R2=0.874; F=13.930; p=0.016).

Conclusions: The prevalence of silicosis in Valdeorras is remarkable and the use of PPE is scarce. There is little sense of security and job protection by the Prevention Services. The INS is a reference in the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology.